Networking terms

 Network terms 

 

ARP (Address resolution protocol) 

This is when a switch creates a table with IP addresses and ports which they relate to. This makes it so that the switch can chose the correct port to where the traffic is meant to be received, instead of a hub which broadcasts it to all ports. 

 

Personal area network (PAN) 

A personal area network is a small network used to connect personal devices. Usually this is using Bluetooth. PANs can only connect nodes that are close to each other, around 10m away. 

 

Local area network (LAN) 

A local area network is a system of network devices and nodes that are owned by one institution or house. They are usually contained in around 1km-10km. 

 

Wireless local area network (WLAN) 

WLANs are LANs without cables physically connecting the devices together. Instead, they connect devices using wireless technology called Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi uses radio signals to send bits of data to computer systems with a wireless network interface card. 

 

Metropolitan area network (MAN) 

MANs connect several LANS across an area such as a town. MANs are smaller than WANS. 

 

Wide area network (WAN) 

A global network. The internet is the biggest WAN and uses submarine fibre cables to transmit data. 

 

Virtual private network (VPN) 

A VPN is a private network which uses an encrypted connection over the internet to connect to a device on another network. VPNs mask the IP of the user to make an untraceable connection. 

 

Switch 

A device that receives packets through physically connected ports and transmits them to the correct port. Switches take note of the device’s MAC address which it uses to identify which device is sending packets and where incoming packets need to be delivered to. 

 

Router 

Routers communicate between the internet and devices connected to a network. They are responsible for organising communication between computer networks. 

 

Network interface card (NIC) 

An NIC is a circuit board or chip connected to a computer so that it can connect to a network. It allows a computer to have a constant stable connection to the network via ethernet or Wi-Fi. 

 

Copper cable 

These are coaxial copper cable and uses Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS). Cat 5/Cat 5e are referred to as ethernet cables. 

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